Understanding the Palestinian Authority
The Palestinian Authority, also known as the Palestinian National Authority, PA, or PNA, was established in 1994 as an interim administrative body following the Oslo Accords. These accords aimed to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The PA was tasked with taking partial administrative and security control over areas in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank as Israeli troops withdrew.
Oslo Peace Process and Division of Territories
Under the Oslo peace process, the West Bank was divided into three areas: A, B, and C, each with different levels of governance and involvement of the Palestinian Authority pending a final resolution. Area A, comprising about 18% of the West Bank, is fully administered by the Palestinian Authority, including security responsibilities. Area B, making up 22% of the West Bank, has Palestinian civil control with joint Israeli-Palestinian security patrols. Area C, covering over 60% of the West Bank, is under exclusive Israeli military control, impacting Palestinian daily life and access to resources.
Gaza Strip and Palestinian Governance
In the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority has full control over Area A, while Israeli forces previously controlled 30% of the territory. The PA is led by a president, with Mahmoud Abbas serving since 2005. The Palestinian Legislative Council, acting as the parliament, was established in 1996 to oversee legislative matters. However, internal political tensions between Fatah and Hamas have led to a divide in control over the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
Fatah-Hamas Conflict and Reconciliation Efforts
Following the 2006 elections, violence erupted between Fatah and Hamas, leading to Hamas taking control of the Gaza Strip and Fatah governing the West Bank. Attempts at reconciliation have been made, but the divide remains, with Hamas controlling Gaza and Fatah leading the PA in the West Bank.
Challenges and Future Prospects
The Palestinian Authority has become more politically active than the PLO, raising concerns among Palestinians about representation. While the PA has made strides in international recognition, challenges remain in uniting Palestinian voices and addressing the needs of all Palestinians, including those in Israel and refugees. The future of the Palestinian Authority hinges on its ability to navigate internal divisions and external pressures to advance the Palestinian
